Intestinal microbiota refers to the community of microorganisms that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. These microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining the health of the host by aiding in digestion, synthesizing essential nutrients, and protecting against pathogens. Research in this area focuses on studying the composition, diversity, and function of the intestinal microbiota, as well as its relationship to various health conditions such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune disorders. Recent advancements in sequencing technologies have allowed for a more in-depth understanding of the complex interactions between the host and its microbiota, leading to the development of potential therapeutic strategies for modulating the microbiota to improve health outcomes.